Answer for few Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer for few Questions - Assignment Example The rate of criminalization was high in African Americans which lead to black power movement. In 1964, the Black power movement became the civil rights movement as the Democratic Party declined to seat Black Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) (Gilmore, 1998.pp.175). When Black Americans realized the fact that there was no hope for them to obtain equal rights as White Americans, this issue then became the cause of major disorders and riots all over the land. Racism has played an important role in making the criminal history of the United States of America. The inequality in terms of economic rights and social rights caused the Black Americans to become violent. The white people were the true players who fought battles against people of color and different races. Surplus The essential fact behind this crime scene was that moral panic was greater than the crime. There are many crises which combined and resulted in the form of prisons and prisoner. There are social crisis and ec onomic crisis. The history of the crimes and prisons has roots indeed. The United States had the surplus ideology in the name of defence. Whether it was a conflict against Native Americans or the anti-capitalist movements there have been many crises in the history of the United States. During the period of 1970s the nation faced depression and there were surplus of crisis. The consequences of 1973-7 recession were combined with the surplus of 1981-4 recession and again in 1990-4. (Gilmore, 1998. pp 177). Prison Industrial Complex The Prison Industrial complex is the term first used by activist and the scholars to refuse the common thought that the increased rate of crime is the reason of constructing prisons. They argue that the main causes of the increased population of these prisons are profits and racism. There is exploitation of prisoners and the prisons by the big corporations, government and the communities (Davis, 2003.pp. 84). The 13th Amendment The thirteenth Amendment to t he United States constitution officially outlaws slavery except as punishment for crime (Davis, 2003.pp. 23). On April 8, 1864, it was passed by the senate and adopted on December 6, 1865. There was a history of slavery in the United States and it was abolished later, but the concept was so prominent that white abolitionists even found it difficult to imagine Black people equal. After the abolition of slavery, its effects on the society were still present in the forms of lynching and segregation. There is a relation of prisons to the slavery, segregation and lynching because all these social institutions like prison were considered as everlasting as sun. It can be clearly observed that slavery resulted due to racism and there is several evidence of prisons working as racist institutions and they are obsolete, whereas racial discrimination is also observed inside the prison walls and among prisoners. We just consider racism in terms of black and white, but we ignore racism in term am ong colored people. After the September 9, 2011, the mass of people were arrested who were Middle Eastern, South Asian and mainly Muslims. So, the question arises are prisons racist institutions? If it is the case, then like racism the prisons are also obsolete. Prisons are a â€Å"geographical solution to socioeconomic problems†

Team Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Team Communication - Essay Example However, many people involved into this type of interpersonal relations are not fully aware about the rules and logic of team communication. This knowledge is especially important for those who supervise and direct work of teams, namely managers and coordinators. These people spend most of their working hours communicating with their subordinates: participation in planning, organizing, controlling, and supervising activities, preventing and resolving conflicts between the personnel, scheduling and many other tasks that define the nature of team work. Communication between people is a very complex process that includes several equally important aspects. Defining it as a process we mean that it is not static set of behaviors or object we can hold in hands. As David Berlo (1960), the famous expert in team communication, believes, "if we accept the concept of process, we view events and relationship as dynamic, ongoing ever-changing, continuous. When we label something as a process, we also mean that it does not have a beginning, an end, a fixed sequence of events. It is not static, at rest. It is moving. The ingredients within a process interact; each affects all of the others" (p.6). Team or group communication includes "a relatively small number of persons who have a mutually interdependent purpose and a sense of belonging, demonstrate behavior based on norms and values, use procedures accepted by the group, and interact orally" (Pearson, 1994, p.211). This definition mirrors the structure of team communication. Social psychologists long ago identified certain circumstances under which group communication is more appropriate than any other: 1. When a variety of entirely different ideas is better than several ideas that have much in common. Presence of others involved into similar activity encourages the process of thinking in each individual member of the group making them generate new ideas. 2. When members of the group express a strong desire to be involved into the process of decision making and discussing problems. In such situation, group communication helps avoid tension that would have inevitably appeared in case the group's members are denied such opportunity. 3. Team communication plays the key role when commitment of its members is at stake. It is a common knowledge that decisions put into place without agreement of people whom they concern have good chances to meet unexpected resistance. For instance, if a manger determines his subordinates' duty list without discussing it with them, there is a great probability that majority of the subordinates will express strong resistance. 4. And sometimes when a group decision is an essential condition it is appropriate not to ask the members privately, but to let them discuss the problem in group and made a common decision (Pearson, 1994, pp.211-214). Presence of others dramatically transforms behavior of separate individuals as well as their way of thinking. In order to understand the reasons for these changes we should analyze the unique characteristics of small groups, and first of all group norms, roles, leadership, member satisfaction, commitment, and productivity. Norms is a distinctive characteristic of groups. Basically, norm is "an expected standard of behaviour and belief established and enforced by a group" (Franzoi, 1996, p.261). The word "standard" includes